Mental Health During and After Pregnancy
Perinatal/Postpartum Depression
Perinatal or postpartum depression is a medical condition that happens during pregnancy or after childbirth. An individual's body and mind go through many changes, and they
may experience emotions of excitement and joy, as well as fear and anxiety. Some individuals have mild symptoms, while others have severe symptoms.
Is it “Baby Blues” or Postpartum Depression?
Some individuals experience short-lasting feelings of worry, unhappiness, and exhaustion, sometimes called the “baby blues.” Other individuals experience a more severe,
long-lasting form of depression known as postpartum depression. These symptoms are more intense, last longer, and may eventually interfere with the ability to care for their
baby and handle other daily tasks.
Postpartum depression symptoms usually develop within the first few weeks after giving birth, but can develop up to a year after birth. This may affect any individual so it is important to recognize the signs and symptoms.
Symptoms of perinatal or postpartum depression may include (but are not limited to):
- Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or loss of interest or pleasure in activities
- Feelings of frustration, irritability, or anger
- Fatigue or abnormal decrease in energy
- Changes in eating or sleeping patterns (loss of appetite or inability to sleep)
- Withdrawing from friends and loved ones
- Reduced ability to think, concentrate, or make decisions
- Difficulty bonding with the baby
- Feelings of harming yourself or your baby
Some individuals have risk factors for developing perinatal or postpartum depression, which may include (but are not limited to):
- History of depression (personal or family)
- Financial or marital stress
- Low social support to care for the baby
- Teen pregnancy or being a single mom
- Preterm (early) labor and delivery and other pregnancy and birth complications
The pregnant person’s partner may also experience symptoms of depression at any time, including before the baby is born. Symptoms may include (but are not limited to):
- Anger, sudden outbursts, or violent behavior
- Impulsive or risky behaviors, including the use of drugs or alcohol
- Withdrawing from relationships
- Working a lot more or less
- Physical symptoms of headaches, muscle aches, or stomach problems
- Poor concentration
Treatment is Available
It is important to seek help if you or your partner are experiencing signs of depression. You may feel reluctant or embarrassed, but a healthcare provider can look for
medical conditions that may be causing these symptoms and offer treatment options, which may include medication, counseling, or cognitive therapy.
Take care of yourself as much as possible for your health and your baby's. Be sure to eat well, exercise, get enough sleep, and accept help from friends or family.
Please take our depression-screening tool if you are pregnant, or in your first year of postpartum
If your screening indicates you may be experiencing symptoms of perinatal/postpartum depression, a nurse will reach out to you at the phone number you provide on the
screening tool.
Postpartum Anxiety
Postpartum anxiety is excessive nervousness or feelings of panic. Symptoms may occur during pregnancy, after childbirth, or adoption. Sometimes, an individual experiences
anxiety alone or with signs of depression.
Possible symptoms of anxiety include (but are not limited to):
- Constant worry, tension, feelings of doom
- Racing thoughts
- Recurring panic attacks
- Trouble sleeping, rapid heartbeat, chest/stomach pains, headaches, nausea
- Inability to sit still
- Avoidance of socialization or leaving home
Some individuals have risk factors for developing anxiety and panic disorders, which include (but are not limited to):
- Personal or family history of anxiety
- Previous pregnancy loss or complications loss
- Lack of partner or social support
- Having a baby or child with health issues
- History of abuse or trauma
Treatment is Available
These symptoms may interfere with all aspects of life. If you or your partner are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, seek treatment from a healthcare provider. They can
offer treatments including therapy, relaxation techniques, or medication.
More information is available at:
Anxiety and Pregnancy (ACOG)
Pregnancy Complications (CDC)
Other mental health issues that can arise include:
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Eating disorders